Saturday, September 29, 2018
Saturday, September 22, 2018
- In: civil engineering, sekedar tulisan
- Posted By: Resketsa
- Comments: No comments
Teknologi NDT untuk Bangunan Bersejarah
Oleh: Annisa Dewanti Putri[1]
Sketsa Bangunan
Tradisional Kayu adat Minang, Rumah Gadang. Sumber: Penulis 2017
|
Indonesia. Melihat tanah air ini memiliki banyak budaya dan
peninggalan bersejarah yang cukup menarik perhatian dunia. Terlihat rapuh namun
sebenarnya antik, itulah yang tergambar jika menorah masing-masing peninggalan
bersejarah dari sekian tempat diantara ribuan pulau nusantara ini. Ada beberapa
yang masih kokoh, dipugar, bahkan di rekonstruksi ulang.
Pemeliharaan bangunan menjadi tantangan sendiri bagi para
ahli sipil, arsitek, dan budayawan dimana bangunan cagar budaya yang dihadapi
adalah bangunan yang renta dan tidak sembarangan mudah diambil sampelnya untuk
diuji. Sementara ini, Indonesia memang taka sing dengan pengujian langsung
terhadap material pada bangunan. Sampel uji yang bisa diambil melalui beberapa
contoh sampel serupa. Namun, hal ini hanya berlaku bagi bangunan modern yang
memiliki data lengkap keadaan eksistingnya muali dari perencanaan, desain,
sampai konstruksi.
Bagaimana dengan bangunan bersejarah dan cagar budaya yang
data awalnya sulit ditemukan dan tidak tersedia? Hal ini bisa saja terjadi pada
bangunan-bangunan dengan nuansa tradisional dan vernakuler. Bangunan yang
didirikan dengan berdasar pada pengetahuan, material, dan keahlian masyarakat
lokal. Terlebih beberapa bangunan bersejarah yang mana sumber perencanaan ya
karena perpindahan cerita yang begitu cepat tidak diketahui tinta birunya.
Sementara, pengujian langsung seperti kuat uji tekan, Tarik,
dll dapat merusak komponen bangunan itu sendiri ketika diambil sampel nya,
sekarang, peneiliti sedang mengembangkan optimalisasi untuk penggunaan uji
lapangan dengan metode Non-destructive
Test (NDT). Teknologi ini sesuai namanya yang berarti uji yang tidak merusak, memberikan solusi
untuk material yang hendak diuji namun renta. Dalam artian untuk memperoleh
suatu hasil uji dari material itu tidak perlu merusaknya. Hal ini dikarenakan
teknologi NDT lebih banyak memanfaatkan sensor dan gelombang untuk
mendeteksinya.
Cukup diuji,
Lalu diestimasi
Sekarang ini, banyak pilihan dan pengembangan dari teknologi
NDT yang banyak dipakai oleh para assessor dan pengamat bangunan atau material.
Bahkan untuk lebih akurat lagi ada teknologi semi NDT yang sedikit mengambil
sampel dan menggores material guna mendeteksi kerusakan yang terdapat di dalam
internal material.
Hal ini menjadi keuntungan karena peneliti atau assessor tak
perlu mengambil sampel dari bangunan bersejarah tersebut. Terkhusus bangunan
berkayu yang dan candi-candi yang renta sekali untuk diambil sampelnya. Untuk proses
pemugaran pun sebelumnya dibutuhkan pemetaan terhadap komponen bangunan yang
perlu di restorasi dan tingkat kerusakannya. Melalui NDT, proses ini bisa
dilakukan. Dengan menguji secara langsung di lapangan menggunakan salah satu
atau beberapa alat kombinasi, hasil deteksi dan pemetaan dapat dilakukan.
Semisal menggunakan Stress Wave analyzer dan Pylodyn test
sebagai dua contoh NDT. Dengan menempelkan alat ke kedua sisi material yang
hendak diuji, maka hasil waktu tempuh bisa di analisa dan bisa terlihat bagian
material mana yang mengalami defect atau kerusakan. Jika waktu tempuh atau Time
of Flight lebih cepat dari rata-ratanya artinya kondisi permukaan mulus.
Begitupun sebaliknya, maka ada kerusakan yang dilalui yang menyebabkan waktu
tempuh lambat.
Dari hasil sesedarhan itu dapat terlihat bagian struktur
mana saja yang mengalami kerusakan dan masih dalam kondisi bagus. Disamping
itu, dari hasil Time of flight pun, keadaan Modulus Elastisitas yang berkaitan
dengan sifat material suatu bangunan dapat dihitung dan dipredisiki menggunakan
beberapa pengambilan data.
Dengan begitu, restorasi dapat berjalan lebih singkat,
presisi dan terlebih bisa mendeteksi tanpa harus merusak sebagian kecil atau
besar bangunan bersejarah yang diamati. Teknologi ini sangat bermanfaat untuk
diterpakan terkhusus untuk negara dengan jumalah bangunan bercagar budaya yang
cukup tinggi seperti di Indonesia.
Referensi:
M. Teder, K. Pilt, M. Miljan, M.
Lainurm, R. Kruuda. Overview of Some Non-Destructive Methods For In Situ Assessment
Of Structural Timber: 137-143. 3rd International Conference Civil
Engineering`11 Proceedings II Materials and Structures.
S. Gao, X. Wang, M.C. Wiemann, B.K.
Brashaw, R.J. Ross, L.Wang. A Critical Analysis of Methods for Rapid and
Nondestructive Determination of Wood Density in Standing Trees. Annals of
Forest Science. INRA and Springer-Verlag France 2017.
C. Gao, J. Wang and Q. S. Yang. Rapid
In-Site Survey and Assessment Method For Structural Members In Traditional
Chinese Traditional Timber Structure[J].” Structural Health Assessment of Timber Structures. 2017: 119-130.
[1] Mahasiswa
Master of Civil Engineering, Beijin Jiaotong University
Key Laboratory of Ancient Culture Relics, School of
Civil Engineering
Friday, September 07, 2018
- In: civil engineering, english, sekedar tulisan
- Posted By: Resketsa
- Comments: No comments
SKETCHING CHINA: WHERE THE LAND WIDTH NEVER ENDS
-Dewan, 李李婉美, Student of Beijing Jioatong University, SKetchwalker-
Since 2016, Iv decide to continue my study in China. Most of all because of its development and technology, well known as one of the populous country in the world. Beside, this country has provide so many interesting culture and heritage to be observed. Before I arrived here, I have promised myself to sketch every site that I visit no matter what I see or Experience.
As 2016, Beijing, the city that I stay, the place where I mostly study, gives so many chance until now for me to discover every single of its urban spaces. Namely the Urban Place which is modern, Traditional cultural space, and even natural place or say it as gardens. Here, you can find it all.
Beside this marvelous city, in the end of the year, I got a chance to visit Qingdao, a city near the beaches. I sketched the Red Landmark of this city also. A landmark which shows the symbols of the movements for the people here.
In the beginning of the year 2017, I was curious of the Urban Sketching Community of Beijing. So I decide to join them sketchwalking in Lama Temple, Yonghegong. My first sketch blending was done with the other sketcher living in Beijing. Then, the next future sketchwalking adventure encourage me to do some sketching also to some of spaces around China.
So, as in one year I discovered mostly places in Beijing including all the landmarks. As I also learn some Chinese language from them as they stop by to ask what am I excactly doing. The Interaction between the city, space, and art happens as I try to sketch some of places here.
The next city I have discovered is Shandong, as this city gives me opportunity to join the Asean-China Youth Forum. It’s a quite peaceful city and that time I just got to sketch the University. Another chance was when I get to sketch Shanghai, another urban city which gives me many interesting spots including the famous Bund in the middle of the city and along the river.
Sketching the Cave, Sketching Shanghai, and Sketching Great wall
Sketching the city of Daixin as it was in the event of International Cycling Event 2018, creates another challenges as this city is so silent and hot. But yet, every city and village that I experience deserve to be sketched.
Tianjin gives me another artsy style of the city. It has thousands of artistic views and it glows in the night. A place which is worth it to visit again. Don’t forget also Gubei Water town, the Cave, and other surrounding cities beside Beijing. I am very sure they are all artsy to be sketched.
Sketching Tianjin and Forbidden City
Sketching My Research
I never imagine that my research will be related to one of an ancient timber structure protected by the government. It is full of complexity. Known as one of the Pagoda which is preserved in Wanrong County.
Beside, my research site which is located in Shanxi Province gives me another inspiration to sketch one of an important site to be visited. The ancient Feiyun Building where I met so many obstacles in finishing my research here. Also I found some enjoyments.
A third floor building with timber as its wooden material. As till know Im still struggling and dealing with this problem of research but I really enjoy every single site that I visit there. It will be an interesting life experience that I gain beside sketching China.
Since 2016, Iv decide to continue my study in China. Most of all because of its development and technology, well known as one of the populous country in the world. Beside, this country has provide so many interesting culture and heritage to be observed. Before I arrived here, I have promised myself to sketch every site that I visit no matter what I see or Experience.
As 2016, Beijing, the city that I stay, the place where I mostly study, gives so many chance until now for me to discover every single of its urban spaces. Namely the Urban Place which is modern, Traditional cultural space, and even natural place or say it as gardens. Here, you can find it all.
Beside this marvelous city, in the end of the year, I got a chance to visit Qingdao, a city near the beaches. I sketched the Red Landmark of this city also. A landmark which shows the symbols of the movements for the people here.
In the beginning of the year 2017, I was curious of the Urban Sketching Community of Beijing. So I decide to join them sketchwalking in Lama Temple, Yonghegong. My first sketch blending was done with the other sketcher living in Beijing. Then, the next future sketchwalking adventure encourage me to do some sketching also to some of spaces around China.
So, as in one year I discovered mostly places in Beijing including all the landmarks. As I also learn some Chinese language from them as they stop by to ask what am I excactly doing. The Interaction between the city, space, and art happens as I try to sketch some of places here.
The next city I have discovered is Shandong, as this city gives me opportunity to join the Asean-China Youth Forum. It’s a quite peaceful city and that time I just got to sketch the University. Another chance was when I get to sketch Shanghai, another urban city which gives me many interesting spots including the famous Bund in the middle of the city and along the river.
Sketching the Cave, Sketching Shanghai, and Sketching Great wall
Sketching the city of Daixin as it was in the event of International Cycling Event 2018, creates another challenges as this city is so silent and hot. But yet, every city and village that I experience deserve to be sketched.
Tianjin gives me another artsy style of the city. It has thousands of artistic views and it glows in the night. A place which is worth it to visit again. Don’t forget also Gubei Water town, the Cave, and other surrounding cities beside Beijing. I am very sure they are all artsy to be sketched.
Sketching Tianjin and Forbidden City
Sketching My Research
I never imagine that my research will be related to one of an ancient timber structure protected by the government. It is full of complexity. Known as one of the Pagoda which is preserved in Wanrong County.
Beside, my research site which is located in Shanxi Province gives me another inspiration to sketch one of an important site to be visited. The ancient Feiyun Building where I met so many obstacles in finishing my research here. Also I found some enjoyments.
A third floor building with timber as its wooden material. As till know Im still struggling and dealing with this problem of research but I really enjoy every single site that I visit there. It will be an interesting life experience that I gain beside sketching China.
Sketching Feiyun Building, |